Pathway Abbreviations

4E-BP eIF-4E binding protein 

Abl Ableson protein tyrosine kinase

ACTR A histone acetyltransferase

AKT Cellular homolog of the v-akt oncogene, an S/T protein kinase

Apaf-1 Apoptotic protease activating factor-1

APC Adenomatous polyposis coli

APP b-amyloid precursor protein

APPs Acute phase proteins

ASK Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase

ATF1 Activating transcription factor 1, TREB36

ATF2 Activating transcription factor 2, CRE-BP1, CREB2

ATM Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein kinase

ATR ATM + Rad3-related protein kinase

Bcl B cell leukemia oncogene

BMP Bone morphogenetic protein

BRCA Breast cancer growth-suppressor protein

CAD Caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease

CaM-K Calcium/ calmodulin–dependent kinase

Cas Crk–associated substrate, p130CAS

Caspase Cysteine proteases with aspartate specificity

CBP CREB binding protein

Cdc2 Cell division cycle protein 2, CDK1

Cdc25c Cell division cycle protein 25, M-phase inducer phosphatase 3

Cdc34 Cell division cycle protein 34, an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme

Cdc42 Cell division cycle protein 42, a G protein

CDK Cyclin-dependent kinase

Chk Checkpoint kinase

CHOP C/EBP homologous protein

Cip Cdk-interactin protein

CIS Cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein

CK1 Casein kinase 1

c-Myb Cellular homolog of the avian myeloblastosis virus oncogene

c-Raf Raf proto-oncogene S/T protein kinase

CREB cAMP response element-binding protein, CREB1

DAG Diacylglycerol

Daxx Fas death domain-associated protein

DNA-PK DNA-activated protein kinase

DP-1 Member of the E2F transcription factor family

DPC4 Deleted in pancreatic cancer locus 4, SMAD4

DR3 Death receptor 3

Dsh Dishevelled

dsRNA Double-stranded RNA

E2F Transcription factor family including E2F- and DP-like subunits

eEF Eukaryotic elongation factor

eIF Eukaryotic initiation factor

ELK1 Ets domain protein

eNOS Endothelial nitric oxide syntase, NOS-III

ER Endoplasmic reticulum

ER Estrogen receptor

ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, MAPK

FADD Fas-associated protein with death domain

FAK Focal adhesion kinase

FKHR Forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma

FLIPs FLICE (Caspase 8) inhibitory protein

FRAP FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein

FRS2 FGF receptor stimulated, lipid-anchored Grb2 binding protein

GADD45 Growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45

GAP GTPase activating proteins

GAS IFNg-activating sequence

GCK Germinal center kinase

GCN2 General control of amino acid biosynthesis protein 2, a S/T kinase

GCN5 General control of amino acid biosynthesis protein 5, a histone acetyltransferase

GEF Guanine nucleotide exchange factor

GPCR G-protein coupled receptor

GRB2 Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2

GRIP Glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein, a histone acetyltransferase

GRK G-protein coupled receptor kinase

GSK-3b Glycogen synthase kinase-3b

HDAC Histone deacetylase

HMG High mobility group

HPK Hematopoietic progenitor kinase

HRI Hemin-regulated inhibitor, a S/T kinase

HSP27 Heat shock protein 27

IAP Inhibitor of apoptosis

ICAD Inhibitor of caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease

IkB Inhibitor of NF-kB

IKK IkB kinase

INK4 Inhibitor of CDK 4

IRS Insulin receptor substrate

ISRE Interferon-stimulating response element

Jak Janus-family tyrosine kinase

JNK Jun N-terminal kinase

KSR Kinase suppressor of Ras

LC8 Dynein light chain, cytoplasmic

M3/6 A dual-specificity phosphatase

MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MAPKAP-2 MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2

MDM2 Murine double minute-2, a p53-associated oncogene

MEF2 Myocyte enhancer factor 2 

MEK MAPK/ERK kinase, MAPKK

MEKK MEK kinase

MKP MAP kinase phosphatase

MLK Mixed lineage kinase

MNK MAP kinase-interacting kinase

MSK-1 Mitogen and stress-activated kinase 1

mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin

MyoD Myogenic determination factor

Myt1 A dual-specificity protein kinase

NcoR Nuclear receptor corepressor

NFAT4 Nuclear factor of activated T cells 4

NF-kB Nuclear factor kappa B

NIK NF-kB Induced kinase

NLK NEMO-like kinase

p19Arf p19 alternative reading frame protein, a tumor suppressor

p300 A histone acetyltransferase

p53 Tumour suppressor protein that protects from DNA damage

PABP Poly(A) tail-binding protein 4

PARP Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, ADPRT

Pax Paxilin

PCAF p300/CBP-associated factor, a histone acetyltransferase

pCIP p300/CBP interacting protein, a histone acetyltransferase

PDK 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase

PEK Pancreatic eukaryotic initiation factor 2a-subunit kinase

PERK Type I transmembrane ER-resident protein kinase

PI3K Phosphoinositide-3 kinase

PIAS Protein inhibitors of activated STATs

PIP2 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate

PIP3 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate

PKA Protein kinase A

PKC Protein kinase C

PKR dsRNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase

PLCb Phospholipase Cb

PLCg Phospholipase Cg

Plk1 Polo-like kinase 1

PLP2A Phospholipase 2A

PP1 Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1

PP2A Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A

PP2B Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2B

PPARg Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g

PR Progesterone receptor

PRAK p38 regulated activated kinase

PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten

PYK2 Proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2

RAIDD RIP-associated ICH/CED-3-homologous protein with a death domain

Rb Retinoblastoma protein, a tumor suppressor

RGS Regulator of G protein signaling

RIP Receptor-interacting protein

RSK Ribosomal S6 kinase

RTK Receptor tyrosine kinase

RXR Retinoid X receptor

S6 Small subunit ribosomal protein S6

S6K S6 kinase

SAPK Stress-activated protein kinase

SCF Skp-Cdc53-F-box ubiquitin ligase complex

Shc SH2-containing collagen-related proteins

SHP1 SH2-containing phosphatase 1

SHP2 SH2-containing phosphatase 2

Sin3 A transcriptional corepressor

SKP2 S-phase kinase associated protein 2

Smad Contraction of Sma and Mad (Mothers against decapentaplegic)

SMRT Silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor

SOCS Suppressors of cytokine signalling

Sos Son of sevenless guanine nucleotide exchange factor

SOX SRY-related HMG box protein

SRC1 Steroid receptor coactivator 1, a histone acetyl- transferase

SRF Serum response factor

STAT Signal transducer and activator of transcription

TAFs TBP-associated factors

TAK TGFb-activated kinase

Tal Talin

tBid Truncated Bid

TBP TATA-binding protein

TCF T-cell factor, a Wnt signaling transcription factor

TF Transcription factor

TGF Transforming growth factor

TH Tyrosine hydroxylase

TIMP Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases

Tip60 HIV-1-Tat interactive protein, a histone acetyl- transferase

TNF Tumor necrosis factor

TR Thyroid hormone receptor

TRADD TNF receptor-1-associated death domain protein

TRAF2 TNF receptor-associated factor 2

VDAC Voltage-dependent anion channel

Wee1 A universal mitotic inhibitor kinase

Wnt Contraction of ‘Wingless’ and ‘Int’